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Cooperative Village
Cooperative Village is a community of housing cooperatives on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City. The cooperatives are centered on Grand Street in an area south of the entrance ramp to the Williamsburg Bridge and west of FDR Drive. Combined, the four cooperatives have 4,500 apartments in twelve buildings.
The cooperatives were sponsored, organized and built by trade unions, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America and International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, as well as the United Housing Foundation, a development organization set up by the unions in 1951.〔(History of Co-op Village )〕〔(Cooperative Housing on the Lower East Side: a brief history )〕
==Overview==
The cooperatives followed strict Rochdale Principles, with one vote per member, irrespective of the nominal value of his shares. Resale of shares was restricted; members moving out of the apartments had to sell their shares back to the cooperative at the buying price, minus a flip tax. After the original financing structures governing the apartments were phased out, beginning in 1986, the shareholders of each cooperative decided, in separate votes in 1997 and 2000, to abandon the limited equity rules and free the resale of shares, in some cases increasing the value of apartments fivefold.〔(Streetscapes/Amalgamated Dwellings; Built in 1931 by Idealism, Threatened Now by Reality ) - ''The New York Times'', July 3, 1994〕 To keep the maintenance fees low for original tenants, many of them retirees, a high flip tax is charged, up to 17.5% of the gross sales price for "first sales" and up to 8.5% for "second sales". In a similar instance, the shareholders at the Penn South sister cooperative in the Chelsea section of Manhattan voted to continue operating under limited equity rules.〔(Free Market Comes to the Lower East Side ) - originally published by ''The New York Times'', July 15, 2000〕〔(For Low-Cost Co-op, a Pricing Quandary: A Co-op Agonizes Over Price Ceilings ) - originally published by ''The New York Times'', February 3, 2002〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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